Waste disposal principles

(Video in German only)

Radioactive waste is produced in Switzerland every day. It is generated during electricity production in the four nuclear power plants (NPPs), during the dismantling of the Mühleberg NPP, but also in medicine, industry and research. Due to their different radiological properties, radioactive waste is divided into high-level waste (HLW), low- and intermediate-level waste (L/ILW) and alpha-toxic waste (ATW). HLW comprises spent fuel from nuclear power plants and vitrified fission products from the reprocessing of spent fuel. The L/ILW mainly consists of operational, reactor and decommissioning waste from nuclear power plants and waste from the medical, industrial and research sectors. The ATAs comprise a rather small amount of waste whose radioactivity is characterised by a particularly high activity of alpha radiation.

Radioaktive Abfälle - Bild 1

A volume of around 80,000 cubic metres of radioactive waste will be generated by 2075 (see table below). Around 90 per cent of this is L/ILW, most of which is generated when the nuclear power plants are dismantled. Depending on the category of waste, this radioactive waste must be stored safely for several tens of thousands to a million years until it no longer poses a risk to humans or the environment. At the moment, radioactive waste is stored in well-secured halls above ground. These halls are located at the nuclear power plants and in two centralised interim storage facilities in the canton of Aargau (see picture above: Zwilag).

Type Volume [m3]
(packed for final disposal)
Volume [m3] (conditioned, unpacked) Activity [Bq] (reference year 2075) Share of volume (packed) Share of total activity
Low-level and intermediate-level waste 72'274 42'727 2,9 x 1016 88% 0,1%
Alphatoxic waste 981 289 1,3 x 1016 1% 0,1%
Highly active waste 9280 1490 1,9 x 1019 11% 99,8%
Total 82'534 44'506      
Waste volumes and activities according to the Waste Management Programme 2021, Tab. 2.1-1, p. 13, Scenario 2b (60-year lifetime of the existing nuclear power plants, Mühleberg 47 years) and MIRAM-RBG (Nagra NTB 22-05, 2023) Tab. 7-4, p. 50.

FAQ

TEST-VERSION - FAQ Abraxas

Warum müssen die radioaktiven Abfälle zum heutigen Zeitpunkt entsorgt werden? Wäre es nicht besser zu warten, bis das Entsorgungsproblem mit neuen Technologien (z. B. Transmutation) gelöst werden kann?

Wäre eine langfristige Lagerung an der Oberfläche nicht die bessere Lösung?

Wie gross und schwer ist ein einzelner Brennstab?

Wie gehen andere Länder mit radioaktiven Abfällen um?

Könnten die Abfälle nicht gemeinsam mit anderen Ländern entsorgt werden?

Arbeitet die Schweiz international mit anderen Ländern zusammen?

Warum wird keine internationale Lösung gesucht?

Können in geologischen Tiefenlagern in der Schweiz auch Abfälle aus Deutschland eingelagert werden?

Warum befinden sich alle verbliebenen Standorte für geologische Tiefenlager direkt an der deutschen Grenze?

Darf die Schweiz dort entsorgen, wo deutsches Gebiet betroffen ist? Erfolgt der Transport über deutsches Gebiet?


Specialist staff
Last modification 07.11.2024

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